This paper highlights the nonlinear dynamics and emergent feedbacks inherent in innovation ecosystems to examine how GPTs emerge, diffuse, and co-evolve with interdependent innovations and institutions.

This article explores an updated definition of ‘consumer’ that addresses the challenges of a rapidly changing energy landscape.

Andrew Scobie explores Edinburgh’s legacy of innovation, tracing the city’s evolution from Renaissance thinking through to the steam engine and electromagnetic theory. 

The essay further investigates ENODA’s integrated technological solutions as a case study in how innovation can “deconstrain” the AC electricity grid, increasing its capacity, stability, and efficiency.

What happens when individuals become both producers and consumers of the energy they use?  A prosumer bridges the gap between traditional consumption and production, harnessing modern technology to generate goods for their own use while supplying any surplus back into the market. 

In response to the IEA’s Global Energy Review 2025, we show that intelligently managed electricity grids can help boost decarbonisation initiatives, reduce the need for coal powered energy to cover shortfalls in energy demand forecasts, and improve grid stability and safety.